Understanding Bowel Cancer in New Zealand: Early Detection and Prevention

Bowel cancer (also known as Colorectal Cancer) doesn’t always come with obvious symptoms, and that’s what makes it so dangerous. Every year, around 3,000 Kiwis are diagnosed, and 1,200 lives are lost[1]. But here’s the good news - 90% of cases can be treated successfully if caught early[2].

Why Early Detection Matters

The earlier bowel cancer is found, the easier it is to treat - and the better the outcome.

• Stage 1 and 2 bowel cancer is highly treatable. Surgery is often enough to remove the tumour, and the five-year survival rate is around 90%.
• Stage 3 cancer means the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and Stage 4 cancer means it has spread to other organs. The survival rate at these later stages drops to just 13% over five years.

That’s why noticing the signs, getting checked, and having access to diagnostic tests as early as possible is critical - it saves lives.

Screening and Testing for Bowel Cancer

Regular screening is one of the best ways to catch bowel cancer before it becomes life-threatening. In New Zealand, there are a few options available:

1. Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is the most commonly known and comprehensive test for detecting bowel cancer. It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the bowel to examine the lining for polyps or signs of cancer. Unlike other screening methods, a colonoscopy allows doctors to remove pre-cancerous polyps on the spot, preventing them from developing into cancer. While the procedure requires bowel preparation and sedation, it provides the most accurate diagnosis. Colonoscopies are recommended for people with symptoms, a family history of bowel cancer, or abnormal results from other screening tests.

2. CT Colonography

Also known as a virtual colonoscopy, CT colonography is a modern imaging test that provides a detailed view of the bowel using a CT scanner. It is a less invasive, faster, and more accessible alternative to a traditional colonoscopy, often available within a week rather than the typical 3–5 month wait. A CT colonography usually costs around $800-$1,000 compared to around $3,000 for a colonoscopy. 

Unlike a standard colonoscopy, which requires inserting a camera into the bowel, CT colonography uses a small tube to inflate the colon with air or carbon dioxide, allowing clear images to be taken in just 10–15 minutes. There is no need for sedation, so you can resume normal activities immediately after. While it cannot remove polyps, it is highly effective at detecting abnormalities and helping doctors prioritise further testing if needed. For many, it serves as a practical first step in bowel cancer detection, particularly when colonoscopy wait times are long.

3. Screening Kits

The National Bowel Screening Programme provides free screening kits to:

• Kiwis aged 60–74
• Māori and Pasifika people aged 50–74
• Those with a family history of bowel cancer (in some cases)

These kits detect hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of bowel cancer. The test is done at home and sent to a lab for analysis. If blood is detected, further testing - usually a colonoscopy - will be recommended. 

Some health insurance providers also offer free kits to people under 60 as part of their loyalty benefits. There are ongoing discussions about lowering the screening age to 45, aiming to catch cancer even earlier[3].

If you do don’t qualify for a free screening kit, they are readily available at chemists for between $20-$40. 
Aside from using a screening kit, regularly checking your own poo can help you spot early warning signs. While no one enjoys talking about bowel habits, changes in your stool can be an early indicator that something is not quite right. Look out for:

• Blood in your poo – Bright red blood may suggest haemorrhoids, but darker, tarry stools could be a sign of internal bleeding.
• Unexplained changes – Persistent diarrhoea, constipation, or thinner-than-usual stools for more than a few weeks.
• Mucus in your stool – This can sometimes indicate inflammation or other underlying issues.
• Unusual colour – Pale or clay-coloured stools may suggest issues with bile production, while black stools could indicate bleeding.

If you notice any of these changes, don’t ignore them. Book a visit with your GP to get checked.

Common Myths About Bowel Cancer

When it comes to bowel cancer, misinformation can be deadly. Let’s clear up a few common myths:

Myth: Only older people get bowel cancer.
Fact: While bowel cancer is more common in older adults, cases in younger people are rising. If something doesn’t feel right, get it checked. If you have symptoms but have been told you are "too young" for bowel cancer, push for answers. No one is too young for this disease.

Myth: No symptoms = no cancer.
Fact: Bowel cancer can develop silently. That’s why screening is crucial, even if you feel fine.

Myth: A colonoscopy is the only way to detect bowel cancer.
Fact: While a colonoscopy is the gold standard, non-invasive screening kits can catch early signs too.

Making Prevention Easy

While we can’t control everything, there are simple, everyday choices that lower the risk of bowel cancer:

Eat Well

You don’t have to cut out all the good stuff - just aim for balance. The Mediterranean diet, rich in whole grains, fresh vegetables, and healthy fats, is a great way to support gut health. Try adding more fibre (nuts, beans, and leafy greens) and cutting back on processed meats.

Move Your Body

No need to train for a marathon. Even small amounts of exercise help - brisk walks, dancing in the kitchen, or a bit of gardening all count. Aim for at least 30 minutes a day, even if you break it into smaller chunks.

Ditch the Smokes & Cut Back on Alcohol

We all know smoking is bad news, and alcohol doesn’t help either. Cutting back can significantly reduce your risk.

Take Action Today – We’re Here to Help

Bowel cancer is highly treatable when caught early - 90% of cases can be successfully treated if detected in time. But the key is early detection and having the right support.

At Lifetime, we’re here to make sure you’re covered when it matters most. Whether it’s helping you access the right health insurance for screenings and treatments, guiding you through claims processes, or making sure your policy keeps up with life’s changes - we’ve got your back.

• Need help understanding your insurance options? We’ll walk you through it.
• Worried about claiming for tests or treatment? We’ll make it simple.
• Not sure what cover you have? We can review your policy and ensure you’re protected.

Don’t wait until it’s too late - reach out today. Because catching it early can make all the difference, and we’re here to make sure you’re supported every step of the way.

Get In Touch

Article by Emily Wheatley

Disclaimer: This article has been prepared for the purpose of providing general information, without taking into consideration any particular person's objectives, financial situation or needs. Any opinions contained in it are held by the author as at the report date and are subject to change without notice.

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